Authoritative interpretation: The development path of sovereign blockchain - Analysis of the white paper series "Guiyang Blockchain Development and Application" (I)

Editor's note: On December 31, 2016, the Guiyang Municipal People's Government Information Office officially released the white paper "Guiyang Blockchain Development and Application". On February 10, 2017, the Guiyang Municipal Government once again emphasized the application of blockchain technology. The direct participation of government departments is the most obvious feature of Guiyang's blockchain application. As the editor of this "White Paper", Saizhi Blockchain has made twelve special interpretations of the "White Paper" for readers. This article is the "Guiyang Blockchain Development and Application" white paper series analysis (I).

On December 31, 2016, the Information Office of the Guiyang Municipal People's Government officially released the white paper "Guiyang Blockchain Development and Application" (hereinafter referred to as the "White Paper"), which deeply analyzed Guiyang's understanding of blockchain, proposed theoretical innovations such as "sovereign blockchain" and "rope network structure", and sorted out Guiyang's overall blueprint for exploring the application of blockchain in government affairs, people's livelihood, and business development. It is a "manifesto" for Guiyang to develop blockchain, and it is also a "call to arms" to the whole society.

1. Value Analysis: Guiyang’s Understanding of Blockchain

Regarding the origin of Guiyang's development of blockchain, Chen Gang, secretary of the Guiyang Municipal Party Committee, mentioned in the preface of the White Paper that "As the country's first comprehensive big data pilot zone, Guizhou should further seize opportunities, conduct trials first, and take the lead in making breakthroughs and gaining experience in cutting-edge fields such as blockchain. This is the due meaning of better shouldering the historical mission of the comprehensive pilot zone. As the capital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang should play an active role in the development of big data, and should boldly explore and take the initiative in the development and application of blockchain, and strive to push the tide of the times to another peak."

Regarding the economic and social significance of blockchain, Secretary Chen Gang further pointed out that "the development of blockchain technology and its broad prospects have attracted widespread attention and great attention from all walks of life around the world. As an iterative major innovative technology and a new underlying protocol construction model, blockchain will upgrade the current Internet to version 2.0, realize the upgrade from information Internet to value Internet, and then accelerate the development of digital economy by solving the trust problem, accelerate the transformation of network governance by consensus, co-governance and sharing, and accelerate the development of big data by solving the problem of data resource circulation and security protection. Further, the development and application of blockchain will reconstruct the value credit system of society online and offline, with convenience, mobility and mutual recognition as characteristics and standards, and through broad consensus and value sharing, promote the formation of a new value measurement system for human society in the information civilization era, and build a new integrity system, value system, and order rule system for economic and social development and various activities of people's production and life. It can be predicted that with the support and promotion of blockchain, the development of the Internet will complete a gorgeous "three-step song", namely information Internet, value Internet and order Internet."

The White Paper deeply analyzes the important role of blockchain in the development of digital economy, Internet governance and big data, and reflects Guiyang's understanding of blockchain. The White Paper points out that blockchain will establish a credible, secure, open and shared digital economic environment and promote multi-level digital economic cooperation; blockchain will be a new infrastructure for Internet governance with collaboration, consensus and co-governance, and promote the establishment of a new model of digital social governance; blockchain will realize the sharing of data and information in various fields, improve the operational efficiency between different entities, ensure that data is authentic, reliable and cannot be tampered with, and reshape social credibility; blockchain will promote the development of a community of shared destiny in cyberspace and achieve a good order in Internet space; blockchain will solve the development problems of big data and promote the development of big data.

II. Development Basis: Opportunities and Challenges Coexist

From the perspective of opportunities and challenges in Guiyang, the White Paper points out that the national big data strategic layout, the construction needs of Guiyang Block Data City and the development needs of blockchain technology itself have created new opportunities for Guiyang to develop blockchain. However, it cannot be ignored that the development policies and regulations of the blockchain industry are still blank, the development and application lack top-level design, and the blockchain technology and application are not yet mature.

From the perspective of advantages and gaps, the White Paper mentioned that the vigorous development of Guiyang's big data industry has laid a good industrial foundation, technical foundation and talent foundation for the development of blockchain. At the same time, the development of the blockchain industry has the internal motivation to keep the ecological environment and catch up, and give full play to Guiyang's advantages, and Guiyang itself has the ability to successfully cultivate the blockchain industry, such as Guiyang's experience in exploring the integration of big data finance and blockchain technology. In addition, the White Paper also mentioned that Guiyang's industrial ecological system, network environment, fault-tolerant trial and error mechanism and innovative entrepreneurial atmosphere have created a good environment for the development of the blockchain industry. However, the development of the blockchain industry also faces some obstacles, such as the urgent need to strengthen information infrastructure, the urgent need to improve the degree of digitalization and the insufficient supply of blockchain talents.

3. Theoretical innovation: the pattern affects the height

The White Paper has made a series of theoretical innovations on blockchain, such as "sovereign blockchain", "rope network structure" theory, shoulder pole model, "orderly Internet", etc., which are the highlights of the White Paper.

"Sovereign blockchain" is an important innovative concept in the White Paper. The Internet has turned the world into a global village, and has promoted the international community to become a community of shared destiny where you are in me and I am in you. To build such a community of shared destiny in cyberspace, it is necessary to respect the national sovereignty behind the sovereignty of the Internet. Because with the upgrading of the Internet, the behavioral rules of the community of shared destiny will also undergo profound changes. There will inevitably be technology leaders who try to act as concept leaders and rule makers, hoping to monopolize the global Internet governance agenda setting, rule making and basic resource allocation rights. This is unacceptable to sovereign economies and economic associations. Consensus is based on respect, and sharing comes from inclusiveness. Global Internet development and governance should respect network sovereignty. This respect needs to be constructed from the level of blockchain itself as a promoter and supporter of the value Internet. At the same time, within the scope of sovereign economies, blockchain, with its unique characteristics of decentralized multi-center, efficient and transparent process, low cost, and high data security, supports and guides people to actively and voluntarily become providers and users of data and value, and then share the entire data system. Therefore, blockchain can achieve decentralized multi-center social recognition and form public value interaction under the framework of network sovereignty. It can be predicted that in the future, under the sovereign blockchain framework, the Internet will form a new ecology. Human beings can rely on unified online and offline integrity support to promote the free flow of data resources, information and knowledge like transactional resources in reality, and realize the cross-sovereign and cross-center circulation, sharing and appreciation of consensus value, and finally form a social value form of "subjective for others, objective for oneself", and promote the true arrival of the global order Internet.

The "rope network structure" theory is another theoretical innovation of Guiyang after the block data theory. Figuratively speaking, the blockchain is a chain formed by blocks in the order of timestamps, just like "rope". These "rope" generated in different application scenarios have the practical need and endogenous motivation to connect with each other. Connecting different blockchains is like forming "rope" into a "net", which can realize the data circulation, business interaction and value delivery between chains, and then form a three-dimensional space for cross-regional, cross-scenario and cross-departmental blockchain applications. This "rope network structure" theory is not only of great significance, but also highly consistent with the "block data" theory proposed by Guiyang. The formation and function of block data depend on the basic mechanisms of openness, sharing and connection. The development direction is the fusion of strip data on "blocks". The data connection, convergence and fusion between strips, strips and blocks, and blocks and blocks will definitely produce unimaginable energy and magic; the internal mechanism of "rope" blockchain into a "net" is the same. The two theories conduct theoretical modeling and practical guidance on cyberspace from different perspectives, which is the basic theoretical support for this book and Guiyang to promote the development and application of blockchain.

4. Top-level design: height determines the future

The White Paper expounds on the guiding ideology, promotion principles, main goals, overall architecture, spatial layout, application path and promotion plan of the development of blockchain in Guiyang. According to the general requirements of "adhering to the principle of sovereignty, exploring rule innovation, cultivating application scenarios, promoting industrial development, improving social governance and promoting social progress", the sovereign blockchain is developed, and a blockchain application model with multiple scenarios interwoven with government, civil and commercial use is constructed, a blockchain industry ecosystem is created, the economic and social value of blockchain is explored, the deep integration of blockchain and big data is promoted, the development of the digital economy is promoted, the digital social governance is improved, and a new order is constructed in the era of information civilization. The White Paper summarizes the principles for the development and application promotion of blockchain in Guiyang: "focusing on pain points, highlighting applications, innovating rules, discovering value, government guidance, market operation, building consensus and comprehensive governance". The White Paper proposes that through 5 years of efforts, a number of blockchain application scenarios will be created in the city, a number of blockchain innovation enterprises will be cultivated, a number of commercial models that can be promoted will be formed, a number of blockchain rules and standard systems will be introduced, and the main goals of building a sovereign blockchain application demonstration zone and a digital currency application pilot zone will be established. The White Paper explains the technical architecture of sovereign blockchain from the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer, and makes an overall plan for Guiyang's blockchain development roadmap from the perspective of spatial layout and application path.

5. Application scenarios: government, civil and commercial use

The White Paper takes the innovative sovereign blockchain as its core, creatively takes block data and the "rope network structure theory" as its guidelines, combines the current digital economy, Internet governance, big data development and other social hot spots and pain points that the whole nation is concerned about, and uses the "carrying pole" model (TAF model) as its basis to analyze and propose the government, civilian and commercial application scenarios of blockchain.

The 12 application scenarios selected in the White Paper are Guiyang's exploration of the application of sovereign blockchain in government, civil and commercial fields with blockchain technology as the underlying architecture. In view of the pain points such as the lack of guarantee means for data sharing and opening in government governance, the data trustworthiness of the "data cage", and the difficulty of Internet financial supervision, government data sharing and opening, data cage supervision, and Internet financial supervision are selected. In order to better improve the people's happiness index, in view of the pain points such as the inaccurate identification of poverty alleviation targets, the lack of development and utilization of personal data, and the difficulty of developing medical and health data in Guiyang, the people's livelihood blockchain application scenarios such as targeted poverty alleviation, personal data service center, personal medical and health data, and smart travel are selected. In order to better build a commercial order and maintain market fairness. According to the pain points of small and micro enterprises' difficulty in obtaining loans, financial bills monitoring, few data asset transactions, lack of transparency in the supply chain, and lack of freight credit records in Guiyang's economic development, commercial blockchain application scenarios such as bills, small and micro enterprise credit certification, data transactions and circulation, supply chain management, and freight logistics are selected. Through the practice of multiple application scenarios, the deep integration of big data and blockchain is promoted to build a new order in the era of information civilization.

6. Support: Focus on the development of blockchain

The White Paper has carried out a series of rule innovations from the perspective of supporting blockchain application scenarios and business models, and established a unified supporting system and support system. First, strengthen platform support, build a policy development platform, create an industrial agglomeration platform, and strengthen the basic support platform. Second, explore local legislation, formulate standards and norms, innovate policy mechanisms, compile indicator systems and development indexes, and strengthen policy support. Third, give full play to the leverage role of government-guided funds, innovate financing models, support the listing and development of high-quality enterprises, actively carry out science and technology insurance, and provide financial support. Fourth, strengthen talent introduction and talent training, support talent innovation and entrepreneurship, and provide good talent support for the development of blockchain. Fifth, create an entrepreneurial innovation base, build a blockchain application incubator, strengthen the construction of technological innovation capabilities, improve blockchain entrepreneurship public services, and provide "double innovation" support for the development of blockchain. Strengthen publicity and guidance, hold high-level exhibitions, and timely publicize the dynamics of Guiyang's blockchain development and application, and form the brand influence of Guiyang's blockchain development and application.

As the editor-in-chief of the White Paper, Saizhi Blockchain believes that Guiyang's exploration in blockchain theory innovation, top-level design of blockchain development, blockchain application scenarios and the construction of a blockchain development support system will maintain Guiyang's leading advantage in the development of the big data industry, lead the national blockchain development and application, promote the practical implementation of blockchain applications, and make significant contributions to the construction of an open, secure and orderly blockchain ecosystem in the country.

Attachment: Download the full text of the white paper: http://8btc.com/doc-view-1117.html