[Mine Review] Bitcoin Miner S19 Pro 110T

At the end of February 2020, Bitmain released the S19 Pro mining machine, with a rated computing power of 110T±3% and a wall power consumption of 3250W±5%. As of the end of May, the 19 series mining machines have been shipped to various mining farms. After the mining machine has been running stably for a period of time, our staff arrived at a mining farm in central Inner Mongolia and spent four days on-site measuring the actual operation of the S19 Pro mining machine.

1. Local climate and mine inlet air temperature

According to historical weather data, the highest temperatures recorded in the region from June to August from 2015 to 2019 were 32°C, 31°C, 36°C, 31°C, and 31°C each year. The mine is located in an industrial park, and the air flow is side-in and top-out. If the maximum ambient temperature in summer is calculated as 34°C, according to the heat source characteristics of the mine, the maximum air inlet temperature in summer should not exceed 37°C, and the air temperature after passing through the water curtain should not exceed 31°C, and the relative humidity should be between 30-80%.

2. Mining machine introduction

The S19 Pro mining machine has an integrated chassis and power supply design. Its bare metal size is 370×195.5×290mm. It can be placed horizontally or vertically according to the height space of the mining farm shelf. The weight is 13.2kg.

The cooling system of the mining machine is designed with front and rear double-tube fans, and a mesh cover is arranged on the outer surface of the fan, which prevents the mine operation and maintenance personnel from accidentally touching the blades and causing injuries, thus protecting the safety of the operation and maintenance personnel; there is a grille on the back of the fan, which effectively prevents foreign particles from entering the high-speed rotating fan and hitting the computing board.

The voltage of a single fan is 12V, the current is 1.65A, the maximum speed is 6150rpm, and the maximum air volume is 197cfm. According to the changes in the series and parallel characteristics of the fans, the parallel fan design on one side of the mining machine significantly increases the ventilation volume; the series fan design on both sides of the mining machine significantly enhances the resistance of the mining machine to environmental resistance, that is, the ventilation volume of the mining machine will not fluctuate drastically with changes in the mining environment.

The internal computing board of the mining machine uses a whole heat sink for heat dissipation. The heat sink has a streamlined design. Although the wind resistance cannot be effectively reduced a lot, this heat sink design effectively increases the heat diffusion area of ​​the chip, so that the heat generated by the chip can be evenly and quickly transferred to the heat sink and carried away by the wind in time.

3. Mining machine operation measured data

The on-site personnel selected a mining machine at a certain position on the shelf for testing and obtained the following data through the monitoring background.

The air inlet temperature of the S19 Pro mining machine is 23.1℃, the relative humidity is 70%, the air outlet temperature is 38.8℃; the relative humidity is 32%, the average air volume is 370cfm; the power outlet temperature is 28.0℃. The power consumption of the S19pro mining machine is 3320W, and the average computing power displayed on the mining machine control page is 111.8TH/s, which shows that the power consumption ratio of the S19 mining machine is 29.69W/T.

S19 Pro also performs amazingly in terms of effective computing power at the mining pool end. The background of ViaBTC mining pool shows that the average effective computing power is about 111Th/s. After connecting to the "Firepower Machine Gun Pool" and turning on the "Hourly Exchange" function, the highest increase in revenue can reach 23.99% compared to the traditional PPS+ mode. The figure below shows the calculation of the revenue obtained by different accounts through ViaBTC.

• The impact of air volume and temperature changes on mining machine operation

According to relevant statistics, 45% of electronic products are damaged due to overheating. The high temperature problem in the mine is mainly caused by insufficient ventilation, which causes the temperature of the air outlet of the mining machine to rise. In order to obtain the operating status of the mining machine under different ventilation environments, the on-site personnel observed the changes in the mining machine computing power by changing the air flow through the mining machine. The results are as follows.

As shown in the figure, when the air inlet temperature of the mining machine is fixed at 31°C, the mining machine's computing power does not fluctuate significantly when the air volume of the mining machine is reduced from 370cfm to 190cfm. It remains at around 111.4TH/s. If the air volume is further reduced, the mining machine's computing power begins to become unstable. When the mining machine's ventilation volume is further reduced to 170cfm, the mining machine will be protected from high temperature. Therefore, for this mine, the actual ventilation volume of each S19pro mining machine should not be less than 190cfm.

Under different air volumes, the temperature environment of the mining machine is also different. As the most typical data indicator, the relationship between the air temperature at the mining machine outlet and the computing power is shown in the figure below. It can be seen from the figure that the air temperature at the mining machine outlet should not exceed 61°C in actual operation.

• The impact of air outlet temperature fluctuation on mining machine operation

In addition to the maximum air temperature at the air outlet that the mining machine can withstand, the fluctuation of the ambient temperature also has a certain impact on the operation of the mining machine. On-site personnel raised the air inlet temperature of the mining machine from 22°C to 40°C at different times, observed the changes in the mining machine's computing power, and finally obtained the following data.

It can be seen from the curve that the fluctuation of the mining machine's air inlet temperature varies between 0-3.6℃/s, and the mining machine's computing power changes slightly. This shows that in the summer environment, the mining machine's computing power is almost unaffected by changes in the temperature environment.

• Impact of environmental humidity changes on mining machine operation

On-site personnel observed the changes in the mining machine's computing power by controlling the mining machine's inlet air humidity, and finally obtained a curve of the mining machine's computing power changing with the humidity at the mining machine's inlet.

It can be seen from the curve that when the relative humidity of the mining machine's air inlet is in the range of 30%-90%, the operating hashrate is 111.7-111.8TH/s, which is the normal operating hashrate. This shows that the change in the relative humidity of the factory in a short period of time has little effect on the operation of the mining machine.

• other

The air flow environment of the mining machines at different locations in the mine is quite different, and the air volume obtained by the mining machines is quite different, which directly affects the temperature of the mining machine's air outlet. In order to ensure that the temperature of the mining machine's air outlet remains within the appropriate range, the mine should calculate the air flow field of each machine position during the design process, and reduce the summer air inlet temperature of the mining machine by designing water curtains or other equipment. During operation, the distance between the mining machine and the water curtain should be greater than 2 meters to prevent water droplets from splashing into the mining machine; the factory should be kept clean, and the number of particles with a diameter of not less than 0.5μm in the factory environment should be ≤32.5 million particles/m3.

For the mine used in this mining machine evaluation experiment, its ventilation layout is reasonable and the air inlet temperature is low. It is calculated that the hot air outlet of the mining machine in summer does not exceed 47°C. The heat dissipation environment of the operating mining machine is good, and the relative humidity and dust particle concentration are maintained within an appropriate range.

4. Summary

• S19pro adopts an integrated design with a more compact and reasonable structure.

• The mining machine has a reasonable thermal design, and the combination of fans and heat sinks ensures good heat dissipation of the mining machine.

• When in operation, the average computing power of the mining machine is 111.8TH/s, the power consumption is 3320W, and the actual air volume is 370cfm.

• In summer weather, the air outlet of the mining machine can withstand wind temperatures as high as 61°C and relative humidity range of 30-90%, which greatly improves the adaptability of the mining machine to the mine.

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