Early symptoms of mole cancer
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Early symptoms of mole cancer 1. The appearance is irregular. 2The lesions gradually expand and bulge. 3. Uneven color. 4. Tendency to bleed easily. 5. Erosion and ulcer wounds that have not healed for a long time. (2) Cytological diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma 1. Fine needle aspiration cytology Ma Bowen et al. used fine needle aspiration to obtain smears, Paˉpanicolaou's staining, supplemented by special staining, and used cytology and histology to compare and observe 26 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the skin. The accuracy rate was 96.3%. 2. The morphology of MM is complex and varied, forming cell manifestations similar to tumor cells such as cancer or sarcoma. Its cells can present epithelial, glandular, spindle, nevus cell-like, plasma cell-like, lymphocyte-like, balloon-like (transparent) and mononuclear and multinuclear giant cell-like morphological characteristics. Those containing pigment granules in the cytoplasm are easy to diagnose, but if there is a lack of pigment, diagnosis is very difficult. Even if there is pigment, it must be differentiated from other pigmented tumors or tumor-like lesions. Most FNAC reports of MM are studies on metastatic or recurrent lesions. Some authors do not advocate rash puncture of primary MM, David. 3. Point out that this may be a mistake. Moshe thinks. 4. The presence of melanin is the only valuable morphological sign, but it is not an absolute criterion. Matthew divides the diagnostic criteria into 4 categories: ① Diagnostic criteria: melanin in tumor cells; ②Relative diagnostic criteria: detailed clinical history, a large number of isolated tumor cells, characteristic cell morphology and nuclear position; ③Subsidiary diagnostic criteria: binucleated or multinucleated giant cells, large nucleoli, and nuclear depressions; ④Characteristics of changes: nuclear chromatin morphology, irregular nuclear membrane, number and size of nucleoli. 5. Clinical histopathological classification AJCC 6. In 2000, CMM was divided into stages 0, Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅱc, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, Ⅲc and Ⅳ. Stage 0 is in situ CMM; stage I and II lesions are confined to the primary lesion; stage III has local metastasis (i.e., local lymph node invasion and deep tissue infiltration); stage IV has distant metastasis. (3) Prevention of melanoma 1. Eat at regular times, in fixed amounts, and eat small and frequent meals. Plan to consume adequate calories and nutrients. Eating small and frequent meals is more suitable for patients with digestive tract cancer. 2. Eat more foods rich in vitamin A and vitamin C, and eat more green vegetables and fruits. 3. Eat foods that contain carcinogenic inhibitors regularly, such as kohlrabi, cabbage, shepherd's purse, etc. 4. Do not eat salted or smoked foods, especially burnt or burnt foods. 5. Adhere to a low-fat diet and eat lean meat, eggs and yogurt regularly. 6. Food should be kept fresh as much as possible and moldy or spoiled food should not be eaten. 7. Do not overeat and do not consume too much cold drinks and cold food. 8. Keep bowel movements smooth. Patients with constipation should eat foods rich in fiber and drink some honey every day. 9. Eat more refined rice, whole wheat flakes, whole grains, cornmeal, yellow rice, beans (soybeans, lentils, beans, peas), etc. 10. Eat nutritious dried fruits and seeds regularly, such as sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, peanuts, raisins, etc. These foods contain a variety of vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein and unsaturated fatty acids. 1. Lung nodules Most lung nodules are benign, and only a small number are precancerous lesions or lung cancer. If you find lung nodules, don't panic too much and don't ignore them. Further diagnosis should be made promptly to clarify the nature of the disease, and observation or treatment should be carried out according to the actual situation. In many cases, pulmonary nodules are merely inflammatory lesions. This disease is more common in people over 40 years old. Therefore, this group of people, or high-risk people with a family history of the disease, should try to undergo a low-dose spiral CT scan once a year to screen for early lung cancer. 2 Skin Abnormalities Skin cancer can occur in people of all ages and is particularly dangerous for people who spend a lot of time in the sun. Skin cancer often first appears as a distinctive mole. For example, junctional nevi can be a precursor to melanoma. Some junctional nevi and compound nevi of the skin may become malignant under the stimulation of certain factors and become malignant melanoma. Although junctional nevi and compound nevi have been shown to have a tendency to become malignant, the chances of them actually developing into malignant tumors are extremely small. It should be noted that repeated friction, needle pricks and other stimulation, incomplete excision, drug corrosion and endocrine disorders may be the factors that induce junctional nevus or mixed nevus to transform into melanoma. In addition, painless skin keratinization may also be an early sign of skin cancer. The general specific symptoms include: abnormal circular rash-like changes on the skin, local flattening or raising, brown or black scabs on the surface, no pain for the patient, and mostly on the face and back of the hands. 3. Dysphagia. Long-term dysphagia, pain behind the sternum when eating, foreign body sensation in the esophagus, indigestion, etc. may be signs of laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer. You should undergo chest X-ray or gastroscopy as soon as possible. 4. Persistent cough or hoarseness. A persistent cough may be a precursor to lung cancer, especially for smokers. Hoarseness may be a sign of a tumor in the head or neck, because tumors in these areas may compress the vocal cords or damage the nerves that control the vocal cords. The incidence of head or neck tumors in young people is increasing, which deserves attention. 5. Chronic atrophic gastritis Chronic atrophic gastritis may be a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer. Most patients with chronic gastritis receive regular treatment of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in a timely manner, and the effect is relatively good and it will not cause cancer. However, some gastric cancers coexist with certain benign lesions or become cancerous on the basis of certain benign lesions such as chronic atrophic gastritis. Most of these gastric diseases have existed for a long time, which makes it easier for patients to relax their vigilance against gastric cancer. To confirm whether you have stomach cancer, you must undergo a gastroscopy. 6. Changes in excretion habits. Prostate cancer may cause frequent and urgent urination, while colon cancer may cause long-term constipation, diarrhea, or changes in the appearance of stool (such as thinner stools). Prostate cancer and colon cancer have a certain relationship with genes, so people with a family history of these cancers should be particularly careful. 7. Painless lymph node enlargement. The most common initial symptom of lymphoma is enlarged lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits or groin. If one or more lymph nodes are swollen and hard but painless, you should be wary of lymphoma and go to the hospital for examination in time. 8 Unexplained pain If you experience unexplained pain in a certain part of your body and it lasts for more than a week, you should find out the cause as soon as possible, because unexplained pain may be a sign of cancer. Long-term abdominal pain is a symptom of liver cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, chest pain is a symptom of esophageal cancer and lung cancer, and bone pain is a symptom of cancer metastasis. 9. Weight loss If you lose weight for no apparent reason without increasing your exercise or reducing your diet, you should seek medical attention immediately. Because tumors affect metabolism, reduce the body's ability to absorb nutrients such as protein and calories, and consume muscle and fat. People who abuse alcohol and those with a family history of the disease should be especially careful. 10. Oral ulcers that do not heal for a long time may be a sign of oral cancer. People who smoke, drink alcohol, and are infected with HPV (human papillomavirus) have a higher risk of oral cancer. If your ulcer doesn't heal within 3-6 months, you should see a doctor. 11. Recurrent fever is usually a symptom of common infection, but a fever of unknown cause may be a dangerous sign. When cancer spreads to other organs in the body, it often causes a fever. Blood cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia can also cause fever. Necessary examinations include: chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI, etc. 12 Atypical hyperplasia of the breast Atypical hyperplasia of the breast may be a precancerous lesion of breast cancer. Simple breast hyperplasia does not lead to cancer, but if the ductal epithelium is highly proliferative and atypical, it may be a precancerous lesion. Atypical hyperplasia of breast tissue, intraductal papilloma and cystic hyperplasia of the breast are generally regarded as precancerous lesions of breast cancer. If a female friend finds a lump in her breast, she should seek medical attention promptly and have further examination to determine the cause. 13. Fatigue and weakness. Feeling tired and weak all over the body is a common symptom of cancer development, but for leukemia, colon cancer and gastric cancer, fatigue may be felt in the early stages of the disease. Fatigue is also common in normal people. The fatigue caused by cancer is different from ordinary fatigue. Ordinary fatigue will disappear after a rest, but the fatigue caused by cancer will be difficult to improve no matter how much rest you get. 14 Cervical erosion caused by viruses Cervical erosion caused by viruses may be a precancerous lesion of cervical cancer. Cervical erosion is a phenomenon on the surface of the cervix, not a disease. If there are no special clinical manifestations, generally no treatment is required. The symptoms of early cervical cancer and precancerous lesions are similar to those of cervical erosion. Blind treatment may cause the cancer to spread. Women over the age of 21 should have a cervical smear test once a year, and after the age of 30, they can be tested for HPV (human papillomavirus). 15 Abnormal bleeding. Blood in sputum may be a sign of lung cancer. In addition to hemorrhoids, blood in the stool may be a symptom of colorectal cancer (in addition to blood in the stool, if the tumor grows near the anus, there may also be symptoms such as thinner stools, increased frequency of stools, and even difficulty defecation). Painless hematuria or difficulty urinating, excluding stones or inflammation, should alert you to bladder cancer or kidney cancer. Bleeding from skin tags may be skin cancer. The above are the details of the early symptoms of mole cancer. Please pay attention to other related articles of Ziwei Mansion for more. |
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