The difference between melanin nevus and ordinary nevus
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The difference between melanin nevus and ordinary nevus 2 A mole is a benign skin tumor and usually will not become malignant. However, when the color of a pigmented mole changes and becomes uneven; the border of the mole changes from regular to irregular; the skin lesions become asymmetrical; or when a mole ruptures and bleeds in the absence of trauma, you should go to a regular hospital in time to rule out the possibility of melanoma. In addition, whether a pigmented nevus becomes malignant has no direct relationship with whether it is flat or raised on the skin, and has no correlation with whether hair grows on the nevus. 3 The occurrence of melanoma is related to excessive sun exposure. There are four main types of melanoma: the first is malignant lentigo melanoma, which mainly occurs on the face, head and neck, and is more common in Westerners. The second type is the superficial spreading type, which often occurs in the trunk and calves. The third type is the nodular type, which is a late manifestation of melanoma. The fourth type is the acral type, which often occurs in the hands and feet and is also the most common type of disease in Chinese people. The influencing factors for the occurrence of melanoma are mainly related to race. Caucasians have significantly less melanin in their skin than black or yellow people, and their ability to resist ultraviolet rays is relatively weak, resulting in a high incidence of melanoma. The second is environmental factors. Long-term exposure of the skin to sunlight increases the risk of melanoma. Finally, viral infection and radiation may be related to the occurrence of melanoma. In short, melanoma can arise from the malignant transformation of a pigmented nevus or it can occur directly on the skin. Avoiding prolonged exposure of bare skin to sunlight and avoiding trauma to the skin are currently the known ways we can prevent melanoma. Like the diagnosis of other tumors, melanoma must be confirmed through histopathological sections. Once melanoma is highly suspected, pathological examination is necessary. 1. The size of the mole: Common moles are usually less than 5mm in diameter. The diameter of malignant melanin is mostly more than 4~6mm 2. The edge of the mole: Ordinary moles have smooth edges and are clearly demarcated from the surrounding skin. Malignant melanomas are often jagged and serrated. 3. Mole color: Common moles are mostly brown, tan or black in color. Malignant melanoma often has a variety of colors mixed with the color of common moles. Within a few months, the color suddenly deepens, turns black, turns blue or begins to fade. 4. Surface characteristics of moles, changes in texture and shape: Ordinary moles do not change in texture or shape throughout the year, and people do not feel uncomfortable. Malignant melanomas often grow rapidly in a short period of time, and the surrounding skin becomes inflammatory. Many new small moles appear around the mole, accompanied by regional lymph node enlargement. 5 major methods to distinguish malignant melanoma from ordinary pigmented nevus. First, look at the symmetry of the mole: draw a line on the mole with a pen to divide it into two halves. Ordinary moles are symmetrical on both sides, while malignant melanomas are mostly irregular in shape. When divided into two halves, the two halves are asymmetrical. Second, look at the edge of the mole: the edge of an ordinary mole is smooth and clearly demarcated from the surrounding skin, while the edge of a malignant melanoma is often jagged and serrated. Third, look at the color of the mole: ordinary moles are mostly brown, tan or black in color, while malignant melanoma often has a variety of colors mixed with ordinary moles. Within a few months, the color suddenly deepens, turns black, turns blue, or begins to fade. Fourth, look at the diameter of the mole: ordinary moles are generally smaller than 5 mm, while the diameter of malignant melanomas is mostly more than 4 mm to 6 mm. 5. Look at the changes in the surface characteristics, texture and shape of the mole: ordinary moles will not change throughout the year and people will not feel uncomfortable. Malignant melanoma often grows rapidly in a short period of time, and the surrounding skin shows inflammatory reactions, such as bleeding, ulcers, itching, difficulty in healing, pain, or scabbing. Many new small moles appear around the mole, which are professionally called satellite lesions, and are accompanied by regional lymph node enlargement. This is a manifestation of cancer cell division and expansion, and is an important manifestation of melanoma. Correctly distinguish between melanoma and common moles <br />Distinguishing between pigmented moles and malignant melanomas In clinical work, pigmented moles need to be differentiated from malignant melanoma, which is a highly malignant tumor. Causes of melanoma: The incidence of melanoma varies by region and race. It is more common in Caucasians. Queensland, Australia is a high-incidence area. At the same time, the incidence of malignant melanoma in the United States is also increasing year by year. The occurrence of melanoma may be related to ultraviolet radiation, and may also be related to genetic, endocrine factors, chemical carcinogens, immune deficiency and other factors. However, in Asia, melanoma occurs on the heels, palms, etc., which are rarely exposed to ultraviolet rays. The melanoma in these places may be related to long-term chronic friction, trauma, or malignant transformation of dysmorphic moles. The difference between malignant moles and ordinary moles. Everyone has many moles on their body. First of all, we need to distinguish whether they are malignant moles or ordinary pigmented moles. According to the ABCD method for early diagnosis of melanoma proposed by the National Cancer Institute of the United States, four signs are used to distinguish melanoma from moles and other skin diseases. The four characteristics of evil black: 1. Asymmetry divides malignant melanoma into two parts, and the two sides are asymmetrical. 2. The edges are jagged and uneven. 3. The color is mottled black with blue, or yellow with brown, or black with gray. 4. Diameter greater than 5 mm. Generally speaking, malignant melanoma is often asymmetrical, with unclear boundaries, rough edges, uneven colors, and the tumor grows rapidly and is prone to rupture and bleeding. It is important to note that clinical manifestations are not the gold standard, and diseases do not develop based on textbooks. In our work, we have encountered moles that looked like benign moles such as warts, but pathology showed that they were melanomas. Therefore, the help of a specialist is still needed, and a biopsy or pathological tissue examination can be performed to make a clear diagnosis if necessary. In addition, it is also necessary to differentiate from diseases such as seborrheic keratosis, dermatofibroma, and pigmented basal cell carcinoma. For those suspected of having malignant melanoma, the patient should be informed that the lesion together with the surrounding 0.5cm to 1cm of normal skin and subcutaneous fat should be removed in one piece and sent for pathological examination. If it is confirmed to be malignant melanoma, the need for additional extensive resection should be determined based on the depth of infiltration and the possible type and location of the melanoma. However, incisional or forceps biopsy is generally not performed unless the pigmented nevus lesion has already ulcerated, or the lesion is so large that a one-time removal may cause disfigurement or disability. In this case, pathological confirmation may be considered first, but the incisional biopsy must be connected with radical surgery as close as possible. Malignant melanoma most commonly develops on the skin, but can also occur in mucous membranes or eyes, such as under the nails of fingers and toes, or in the mucous membranes of the mouth, vagina, anus, or on the meninges. Melanoma has different pathological types and different depths of infiltration. Some are less malignant, so the surgical or treatment options chosen are different. The most common types of melanoma in the skin are called superficial spreading melanoma and micronodular melanoma. Early, very superficial lesions can be cured in 100% of cases in 5 years. Therefore, the cure rate depends on early diagnosis and early treatment. Due to the high malignancy of melanoma, surgery is the first choice for treatment. The previous recommendation that melanoma lesions must be excised including the surrounding 5 cm of normal skin has now been abandoned. For tumors with a thickness of ≤1 mm, only 1 cm of normal skin outside the melanoma edge needs to be removed, but if the lesion thickness exceeds 1 mm, wide excision should be performed. Malignant melanoma of the extremities often requires amputation or finger (toe) amputation. Others may also require regional lymph node dissection. Now, due to the high incidence of this disease, radiotherapy, interferon and biological vaccines are also used in the treatment of melanoma, and have achieved certain results. Therefore, patients who have or are suspected of having melanoma do not need to be nervous. They should undergo early examination and clear diagnosis, and choose appropriate treatment plans under the guidance of a doctor. There is still hope of cure. The above is the sharing about the difference between melanocytic nevus and ordinary nevus. For more information about moles, please follow Ziweifu! |
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