What are the typical pathological symptoms of moles
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What are the typical pathological symptoms of moles Symptoms of black hairy nevus in infants. Birthmark experts at Beijing Guodan Hospital pointed out that from the appearance, black hairy nevus in infants are black or dark brown in color, some have long hair on the surface, and some have no hair. The area can be large or small, the disease can occur anywhere on the body, and the shapes are different, with no fixed form. Some have a flat surface, some are raised above the skin, and some have a rough, uneven surface that gives them an animal-hide-like appearance. Black hairy nevus has the risk of malignant transformation, and patients need to be cautious. Birthmark experts at Beijing Guodan Hospital pointed out that black hairy nevus are not only ugly, but also have a certain chance of malignant transformation. The malignant transformation rate of some black hairy nevus can reach 15%. Once the disease occurs, the five-year survival rate is extremely low. Whether a black hairy nevus can become malignant depends not only on the differences in pathological characteristics, but also on external stimuli. Generally speaking, moles located on the palms, soles of feet, joints and other areas prone to friction have a greater risk of becoming malignant due to long-term friction and stimulation from actions such as walking and grasping, or clothing. They should be closely monitored and preferably removed as soon as possible. 2. The harm of moles: Moles can be congenital or acquired. Ninety-nine percent of moles on the human body are benign, while some moles may become pathological. For example, the following: 1). Mucosal moles: Black moles on the oral mucosa, conjunctiva, vagina, and the part of the foreskin that is turned out. You should also be careful before removing a mole. For example, some people with a scar-prone constitution will easily develop hypertrophic scars because the wound will not proliferate normally. Therefore, before removing the mole, you should inform your doctor to avoid making it even uglier. 2). Congenital high-risk moles Moles that can be seen in babies at birth are called congenital moles. There are not many congenital moles. According to statistics, 1% of newborns have moles. Not all congenital moles are dangerous at birth. Size is an important factor. Generally speaking, the larger the mole, the greater the chance of it becoming malignant in the future, so doctors recommend that it should be removed as soon as possible. 3). Moles with atypical changes Moles with atypical appearance may become malignant, such as very dark moles with uneven pigmentation, uneven or irregular edges, unclear boundaries, left-right asymmetry, and a diameter statistically greater than 5 mm. 4). A single mole changes suddenly and rapidly. If moles all over the body change at the same time due to hormonal changes, there is no doubt about it. However, if a single mole changes suddenly and rapidly, it is worth paying attention to. 5). Moles growing in special parts, such as moles on the extremities, must be carefully observed because moles in these places are more likely to become malignant melanomas than moles in other places. 6). Moles in the nail groove: The nail groove is connected to the skin under the nail. It may grow under the nail and be blocked by the nail, making it difficult to see the changes. Moreover, if it grows at the extremities, it is more likely to become malignant in the future. three, 1. Dysplastic nevus Also known as BK nevus. The clinical manifestations are light brown, light red or brown-black, centrally raised, unclearly bordered, single or multiple pigmented macules or papules, 5 to 15 mm in diameter. It is most common on the trunk, followed by the limbs, and then the face. It is more common in young and middle-aged people. Histologically, the vast majority appear as mixed nevi, and a few appear as junctional nevi. 2. Intradermal nevus It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. It appears flat or raised above the skin surface, or wart-like or pedunculated. The diameter is usually less than 1 cm, brown or black, with a smooth or rough surface. Sometimes one or several hairs can be seen growing in the center. 3. Junctional nevus It is more common in children and young people and less common in adults. It can occur in any part of the skin and mucous membranes, but pigmented nevi on the palms, soles, red lips and vulva are almost all junctional nevi and can be considered as high-risk sites. It appears as flat or slightly raised round or oval pigmented macules or papules with a smooth surface, no hair, light brown to black color, and a diameter of 1 to 8 mm. The nevus cells of junctional nevus have the characteristic of active enlargement, which is called junctional activity, and have the possibility of transforming into malignant melanoma. 4. Halo nevus It is named because of the halo of depigmentation surrounding the pigmented nevus, and is also called acquired telecentric leukoplakia. The central pigmented nevus is about 0.5 cm in diameter, and the size of the depigmented halo ranges from several millimeters to several centimeters. It is most common on the trunk, face and neck. Can be single shot or multiple shot. It is common in adolescents and has no symptoms. Pathologically, it is often a mixed nevus, but it can also be an intradermal nevus. 5. Compound nevus It is more common in young and middle-aged people, and manifests as slightly raised, brown to black hemispherical papules or maculopapules on the skin with clear boundaries and often hair growth, as shown in Figure 3. Compound nevus should have junctional vitality, so there is also the possibility of malignant transformation. 6. Congenital pigmented nevus It exists at birth and is characterized by a huge lesion area. Some authors advocate that a lesion area of > 900cm2 is the diagnostic standard for giant nevus. Some authors also believe that a mole that covers more than 2% of the body surface area is a giant nevus. Some authors believe that giant nevi cannot be defined simply by their size. Some lesions that occur on the neck and face and spread to the eyelids or auricles, or occur in special parts such as the hands, genitals, and anus, although their area does not meet the above standards, should also be called giant nevi if they are surgically removed and the wound treatment is relatively complicated. Giant nevus is usually brown to dark black in color, with varying shades, a rough and uneven surface, and may have wart-like protrusions. It is often covered with thick and long hair, so it is also called giant hairy nevus. A giant nevus distributed on one side of the body is called a unilateral pigmented nevus. If it occurs on the scalp and neck, it may be accompanied by leptomeningeal melanocytosis, epilepsy and mental disorders, and even primary leptomeningeal melanoma. Those located in the spinal area may be accompanied by deformities such as spina bifida and meningocele. In histopathology, giant nevi are compound nevi or intradermal nevi. 7. Spitz nevus Also known as benign juvenile melanoma, spindle and epithelioid cell nevus, and pseudomelanoma. It is a special type of nevus, most of which are compound nevus, but can also be intradermal nevus or junctional nevus. Moles are pink, purple, tan or black papules or nodules with clear boundaries, usually smooth and hairless surface, and generally less than 1 cm in diameter. It often occurs on the face and lower limbs, but can also be seen in other parts of the body. This nevus is more common in children. Its histological manifestations are similar to malignant melanoma, but its biological behavior is usually benign, so it is called benign juvenile melanoma or pseudomelanoma. five, Introduction to vascular nevus: Vascular nevus is the most common benign tumor in infants and is formed by the proliferation of vascular network during the embryonic period. There are two types of vascular nevi: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Hemangioma is caused by the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Clinically, strawberry hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma are more common. It is generally believed that the natural course of hemangioma can be divided into: proliferative phase, stable phase, and involution phase. Hemangiomas grow rapidly in the neonatal period and are generally not life-threatening. It enters a stable period between 1 to 1.5 years old. In 75% to 80% of children, hemangiomas can be expected to completely resolve on their own by the age of 7. Hemangiomas are seen in newborns, equally in both sexes. They are common on the head, face, and neck, but can also be seen anywhere on the body. Cause of vascular nevus Hemangioma refers to a benign tumor occurring in vascular tissue, which is formed due to the misconfiguration and tumor-like proliferation of vascular tissue. It is divided into primary and secondary types, of which primary accounts for 75% and secondary accounts for about 25%. Most secondary cases occur in infancy, and a few are discovered in adulthood. The cause is still unclear. Primary or congenital hemangiomas are formed by the proliferation of the vascular network during the human embryonic period. They are present at birth and may be asymptomatic when the hemangioma is small. Hemangiomas can occur in various parts of the body and grow on exposed parts of the face and limbs, affecting appearance. It compresses and destroys the functions and morphology of surrounding tissues and organs to varying degrees, affecting the growth and development of the human body. Some may experience repeated bleeding and infection, and a very small number of people may develop malignant changes or even be life-threatening. According to traditional Chinese medicine, hemangioma is caused by internal heat and toxins, the agitation of the heart fire, and abnormal blood circulation, which causes qi and blood to run wild, the veins to crisscross, and condense into shape, and then appear on the skin or internal organs. Symptoms of vascular nevus Hemangioma is seen in newborn babies, equally in both sexes. It is common on the head, face, and neck, but can also be seen anywhere on the body. The following four types are common clinically. 1. Cavernous hemangioma is a large, elevated, blood-filled vascular tumor with a large number of red blood cells in the lumen, so it feels spongy to the touch, shrinks when pressed, and becomes congested and bulges again when released. It can protrude from the skin surface, be buried deep in the subcutaneous tissue, or rupture and bleed continuously. 2. Port-wine stain is a capillary nevus, also known as port-wine stain. It is a diffuse capillary dilation, appearing as large red or dark red patches. 3. Spider nevi are more common in children and adolescents, and are more likely to occur on the face. They appear as spider-like dilated blood vessels of 5-8 mm, with a pulsating raised red dot in the center, which fades when pressed. 4. Capillary hemangioma, also known as simple hemangioma, appears as one or several strawberry-shaped red tumors with a shiny and glossy surface. Vascular nevus care 1. Have a good attitude to deal with stress, combine work and rest, and avoid excessive fatigue. It can be seen that stress is an important cause of cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to overwork and physical weakness, which in turn causes a decline in immune function, endocrine disorders, and metabolic disorders in the body, leading to the deposition of acidic substances in the body. Stress can also lead to mental tension, causing qi stagnation, blood stasis, and internal toxic fire. 2. Strengthen physical exercise, improve physical fitness, exercise more in the sun, and sweat more to excrete acidic substances in the body with sweat, avoiding the formation of an acidic constitution. The above is the editor’s summary of the typical pathological symptoms of moles. I hope the above content can be helpful to you. If you want to know more about moles, please pay more attention to Ziwei Fu. You are welcome to read more exciting content. |
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