Disease and health from the tongue

The human tongue is one of the main organs in the oral cavity. It has two major functions: stirring food and assisting in pronunciation. From a medical point of view, the various changes of the tongue can also reflect the disease and health of the human body. The specific situation is as follows:

Disease and health from the tongue
1. When observing the tongue, first let the person being examined face the light, open their mouth and naturally stick out their tongue. Generally, the herringbone groove at the root of the tongue should be visible.
2. A normal person's tongue is flexible and can stretch freely. It is moderately thick and thin, neither too thin nor too thick, and there are no tooth marks on the edges of the tongue.
3. The tongue of a normal person is light red in color, neither old nor tender, and has moderate moisture. There is a thin white coating on the surface of the tongue, which is free of foreign matter or dirt. It is neither wet nor dry, and has no spots, stripes, or protrusions.
4. Generally, women may have obvious red prickles on the tip of their tongue one to two days before and after menstruation, which will significantly subside after menstruation. These are all normal changes in the tongue surface.
5. If there are changes in normal work and rest time, such as a significant decrease in sleep, or if you are often depressed and sad, the tip of the tongue may be seen to be red.
6. Eating hot soup or irritating foods such as ginger, garlic, chili, and liquor can make the tongue turn bright red or crimson.
7. The edges of the tongue of alcoholics are often red and dry.
8. People who are often angry often have red edges on their tongues.
9. People who have excessive sexual intercourse will have a pale and dull tongue.
10. People who have irregular diet, eat too much greasy food, or suffer from constipation for a long time will have yellow and white coating on the tongue.
11. The nose is blocked, and the patient breathes through the mouth when sleeping. In the morning, the tongue is covered with thick fur and the root of the tongue is covered with yellow fur.
12. People who smoke heavily for a long time, have unclean oral cavity or are often worried will have thick tongue coating.
13. Eating loquat, egg yolk or coptis root, and multivitamin B2 can turn the tongue coating yellow.
14. Eating strawberries and red grapes can turn your tongue purple.
15. Eating black plums, mulberries, olives, coffee, soy sauce, vinegar or burnt food can gradually turn your tongue coating black.
16. General diseases are reflected on the tongue in various changes in tongue quality, tongue coating and color.
17. The tongue of a normal person is mostly light pink.
18. People with pale white tongue coating are mostly suffering from spleen and kidney yang deficiency, yang deficiency, cold and dampness, and qi and blood deficiency.
19. Red tongue, that is, tongue color that is redder than that of normal people, belongs to the syndromes of real heat and false heat in traditional Chinese medicine, such as excessive fire in the internal organs, yin deficiency and heat, etc.
20. A bright red tongue can be seen in patients with tuberculosis, advanced cor pulmonale, and in the late stage of cirrhosis when ascites occurs. If a patient with liver disease has a bright red tongue tip with bruises, it indicates that the condition is critical and may be a precursor to hepatic coma, and the patient should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
21. If the tip of the tongue is simply red, it is mostly due to heart fire inflammation, lung or large intestine heat stasis.
22. In severe middle and late stage diabetes, the tip of the tongue may be red with red spots.
23. In patients with acute gastric perforation and duodenal perforation, it is common for the front half of the tongue to have no tongue coating but a light purple bright area.
24. A deep red tongue is usually caused by severe internal heat, heat toxicity invading the heart, and loss of body fluids.
25. A bluish-purple tongue or one with bluish-purple spots is common in alcoholics with chronic alcoholism or patients with emphysema, lung abscess, severe cor pulmonale, chronic renal failure, uremia, or severe trauma after surgery that causes internal congestion.
26. Blue tongue is a blue tongue, which is a rare tongue color in clinical practice, especially when the entire tongue is blue. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is caused by the accumulation of dampness, heat and dampness, internal accumulation of phlegm and fluid, heat entering the blood, and cold evil entering the body.
27. In patients with mid-to-late stage diabetes or liver cirrhosis, the entire tongue may be red and blue.
28. If the tongue is mostly yellow with a little red and slightly purple, it is mostly due to damp-heat accumulation, which is common in patients with liver and gallbladder diseases.
29. The left and right edges of the tongue are purple, or have bluish-purple stripes, or have irregular spots, or have blocks with clear boundaries. This is often seen in hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer or acute pancreatitis.
30. In cases of ectopic pregnancy, a dark purple stripe can be seen in the middle of the midline of the tongue and in the middle third of the tongue.
31. Bleeding spots on the tongue may be a precursor to massive bleeding throughout the body.
32. The edges of the tongue are uneven and appear like polyps, which can be seen in patients with early liver cancer.
33. Small purple-red bumps appear on both sides of the root of the tongue, like grains of rice or wheat, gradually becoming pointed and symmetrical. This can be seen in patients with esophageal cancer.
34. During the peak period of measles rash, large red spots may be seen on the tongue, which is called red star tongue or strawberry tongue. It can also be seen in suppurative cholecystitis.
35. Fat tongue is also called swollen tongue, that is, the tongue is larger than normal. Chinese medicine believes that it is caused by water, dampness, phlegm and fluid.
36. The tongue is pale red and fat, with teeth marks on the edges. This is mostly caused by damp-heat in the spleen and stomach, overflow of phlegm and fluid, or excessive damp-heat toxins.
37. A swollen and bluish tongue is usually caused by poisoning, or by the person being a heavy drinker with damp-heat or pathogenic heat rising up with alcohol toxicity.
38. A swollen tongue with a dark purple color may also be seen in tongue hemangioma.
39. A slightly swollen tongue may be seen in patients with chronic hypertrophic gastritis, enteritis, hypertension or frequent constipation.
40. Obvious enlargement of the tongue may be seen in anemia, chronic nephritis, severe hepatitis, and mid-to-late stage diabetes.
41. Thin tongue refers to a tongue that is smaller and thinner than normal, which is mostly caused by insufficient Qi, blood and Yin fluid, which cannot fill the tongue.
42. A red and thin tongue may be seen in patients with yin deficiency and hyperactivity of fire, or insufficient kidney water, asthenia, and kidney deficiency.
43. A small and dark purple tongue can be seen in women with amenorrhea, pulmonary and bronchial asthma, and asthma due to heart disease.
44. A thin tongue may be seen in women of childbearing age with uterine hypoplasia or a small uterus. Uterine hypoplasia is often the cause of infertility.
45. The tongue is related to the heart. The size, length, thickness of the tongue are basically the same as the heart. People with big tongues also have big hearts, and people with small tongues also have small hearts. People with a thin and fine tongue are mostly suffering from valvular heart disease or neurotic palpitations; people with a thick and round tongue can be seen in cardiac hypertrophy, which is a sign of heart disease.
46. The tongue is atrophied, weak, difficult to flex and extend, and cannot move freely. This can be seen in patients with lesions of the twelfth hypoglossal nerve or sequelae of stroke.
47. The tongue tightens and cannot be extended, and even has difficulty touching the teeth. This is called tongue retraction, which can be seen in the shock period of myocardial infarction and in patients with deep coma due to encephalitis. It is generally a critical symptom.
48. The involuntary shaking of the tongue is called tongue tremor, which can be seen in patients with neurosis, hyperthyroidism, Parkinson's syndrome, etc.
49. Tongue deviation refers to the tongue being biased to one side of the mouth both in its natural state and when extended. Generally, tongue deviation is mostly caused by brain nerve damage or sequelae of stroke, or manifestations of hypoglossal nerve damage, facial nerve paralysis and other diseases.
50. A red, dry, and cracked tongue indicates excessive heat damaging Yin, hyperactivity of liver Yang, and insufficient kidney water.
51. A pale, plump and tender tongue with teeth marks and cracks on the edges is mostly caused by spleen deficiency and dampness.
52. A tongue that is atrophied and has cracks may be seen in some chronic wasting diseases, such as chronic spleen and stomach diseases caused by malnutrition.
53. Geographic tongue is often seen in children with allergic constitution. This disease may be related to factors such as indigestion and nutritional deficiency in children.
54. According to traditional Chinese medicine, white tongue coating indicates wind, cold, and dampness, and is also a symptom of superficial symptoms.
55. Yellow tongue coating is often caused by excessive heat damaging the yin. It is a manifestation of severe heat burning the tongue surface. The heavier the heat, the yellower the tongue coating.
56. Most cancer patients have a yellow and greasy tongue coating, which is concentrated in the middle of the tongue in the shape of a chicken heart. This is most representative of esophageal cancer.
57. A black and moist tongue coating indicates extreme cold, while a black and dry tongue coating indicates extreme heat, indicating a serious illness. This is often seen in patients with long-term or serious illnesses, and is a manifestation of extremely low body resistance.
58. Purple-black linear coating on the edge of the tongue is one of the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis.
59. People who smoke and drink too much have a dark brown tongue coating.
60. Thick and greasy yellow tongue coating indicates phlegm heat, damp heat, food stagnation, constipation, etc.
61. A greasy, white tongue coating indicates cold and dampness, heat stagnation in the liver and gallbladder, and prolonged heat damaging the yin.

The above is all about how to look at disease and health from the tongue. For more physiognomy information, please follow Ziweifu Xiongzhanghao.

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