Lighthouse Survey: ​Eth2.0 has these problems in its design

Source: Medium

By Aqeel Mohammad

Compiled by: Qin Xiaofeng

Source: Daily Planet

Ethereum 2.0 has been in full swing, and the zero beacon chain will be launched this summer. Recently, the Ethereum 2.0 client Lighthouse conducted a user experience survey report on Eth2.0 staking/verification, and found that there are many problems that cannot be ignored. This report is of great reference value to developers; in addition, the report also sorted out the development stages of Eth2.0, which is also suitable for novice users who are interested in Ethereum. The report content is as follows:

Overview

This report aims to provide the results, insights, and recommendations of the Eth2.0 UX research to better structure the validation process for Ethereum network participants and help various ecosystem projects interested in further collaboration align with Ethereum.

To conduct the research, we surveyed 111 participants interested in the Ethereum network and conducted 10 face-to-face interviews with stakeholders in various existing POS (Proof of Stake) blockchain communities. This can help Ethereum participants better improve the user experience involved in staking/validation, thereby ensuring the successful launch of the Eth2.0 mainnet (Phase Zero).

We are very grateful to all the respondents who took the time out of their busy schedules to participate in our survey. The development of Eth2.0 is an ongoing open source effort, and we will continue to engage with the community to better collect user experience information about Eth2.0.

If you want to participate in our survey or study, you can register with us at eepurl.com/gYB3r9; if you have any other questions, concerns, or insights you want to share, please visit Twitter: @qnou / @sigp_io, or join our Lighthouse Discord; if you are interested in the raw data of our survey, you can click the link below to read it:

https://www.notion.so/eef0eabeb35f42989b384a6b398211ba?v=dda780e7aaec47bebe02585088d45b46.

Report Contents:

• Preface

• Introduction

• Target

• Research Methods

• Survey Results

• opinion

• suggestion

• Follow-up

1. Introduction: Chasing Serenity

Ethereum will eventually turn to Proof of Stake (PoS), which has been the core of the project's research and spirit since its creation, and one of the main reasons why many of us were initially attracted to the Ethereum ecosystem. On January 15, 2014, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin published an article on POS on the Ethereum Foundation website: "Slasher: A Punitive POS Algorithm", which was a week earlier than the official release of Ethereum, "Ethereum: Now Going to Public".

(Odaily Planet Daily Note: In 2014, Vitalik and the Ethereum research team designed a mechanism called slasher to punish malicious actors in PoS and cut their entire collateral.)

In the Ethereum roadmap in 2015, Serenity is the final stage of Ethereum development. Eth2.0 (Serenity) uses the PoS consensus model to replace the POW mining process, in which validators will be responsible for maintaining the network.

Eth2.0 Phase 0 will introduce a POS chain, called the "beacon chain", while relying on the existing Eth1.0 chain (PoW) to load validators and guide the network. In addition, Eth2.0 hopes to solve the scalability problem by introducing independent shard chains. These shard chains relay to the beacon chain and eWASM, providing a dedicated virtual machine for each shard chain. The beacon chain is the scaffold for the operation control center and the work of the shard system.

The Eth2.0 specification was significantly revised in late 2019/early 2020 and continues to evolve as implementation continues. However, an external security review conducted this month showed that the overall structure is stable. Although Ethereum's transition to PoS is a controversial and lengthy process, Eth2.0 remains one of the most watched and anticipated topics in the blockchain ecosystem.

“Eth2.0 is a scalable PoS infrastructure on which we will place the Ethereum we know and love today,” said Danny Ryan of the Ethereum Foundation.

This report was led by Ethereum Lighthouse. Ethereum Lighthouse is an open source ETH2.0 client that focuses on security, performance, and usability. It is written in Rust and developed by the Sigma Prime team. For more information about Lighthouse, please visit the Github Repo: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse; for more information about Sigma Prime, please visit: https://sigmaprime.io.

II. Introduction

POS: This is a consensus mechanism different from POW, where participants can mine or verify block transactions based on the number of tokens they hold.

The benefits of PoS are:

1. Energy saving - unlike POW, stakeholders do not need to continuously produce blocks;

2. Improved security;

3. Improved performance and scalability.

1. Ecosystem considerations

The current market capitalization of the existing PoS network is approximately $9.6 billion, of which $6.3 billion is locked in staking. With the full launch of Eth2.0, we will add another $14.5 billion to the current PoS market capitalization.

The transition of the Ethereum network to PoS will bring a series of challenges and risks, so it needs to be considered in the long run. In response, the Ethereum Foundation has also adopted a phased approach to implement Eth2.0, making the transition time longer and the problems fully exposed and solved.

As can be seen from the long-term roadmap provided by Vitalik, there are many interdependent parts in the system, which have different degrees of UX complexity and need to cooperate with each other for the system to function normally as expected.

Therefore, our immediate focus is on ensuring that the user experience of Eth 2.0 Phase 0 is aligned with the long-term vision and success of the Ethereum network as a strong decentralized PoS protocol.

2. Phase Zero

Vitalik Buterin’s view on the Eth2.0 roadmap (5-10 years)

In Phase 0 of Eth2.0 (Serenity), we will see:

• Beacon Chain - As the core consensus and backbone of ETH2.0 and subsequent stages, the Beacon Chain will be launched during this period;

• Deposit Contract — allows unidirectional transfer of ether from Eth1.0 to Eth2.0 to become validators. These initial deposits will form a security pool and will be used to protect the network when Eth2.0 is launched.

• One-way bridge mode — no two-way transfers, meaning ETH deposits will be locked in the beacon chain, the community will be seamlessly connected, and both chains (Eth1.0 and Eth2.0) will run simultaneously but will remain unified;

• A large public testnet with multi-client functionality - to simulate production environments, load validators, and get familiar with running nodes and clients;

• Users — Since no transactions occur on the chain, users will mainly consist of validators and stakers who hope to use this opportunity to learn about this new ecosystem or earn staking rewards before Eth2.0 is fully operational.

3. Decentralization

Centralized mining is an important factor that must be considered in the process of switching to staking. Although various decentralized staking protocols have emerged in the market in the past few years, in fact, the majority of the network is still controlled by a small number of validators and staking service providers. The goal of Eth 2.0 is to completely change this model. However, if the user experience of independent validators is relatively poor, we will see a large amount of network participation occur on external staking services - because they lower the cognitive threshold for end users.

“I am hopeful that the launch of Eth 2.0 will help change the widely held view that there are less than 100 (or even 50) qualified POS validators in the world today,” said Chris Remus, Chainflow operator.

(Odaily Planet Daily Note: Chainflow is the largest validator of COSMOS.)

4. Client Implementation

Unlike other PoS networks currently in operation, Eth2.0 clients are open source, written in a variety of programming languages ​​and built by different independent teams.

Client diversity is an important goal of Eth2.0. Ideally, no particular client has more than 30-40% of the network, giving the network better security as a whole.

3. Objectives

In order to enable a new generation of independent validators to participate in the decentralization of the Ethereum network, we need to ensure that the overall user experience is intuitive and helps meet the needs of a diverse user base with different technical abilities and educational needs. By integrating PoS, Ethereum hopes to expand the validator ecosystem to 1,000s of independent network participants, each of whom plays an active role in maintaining the network.

Therefore, it is crucial to understand the needs, pain points, and motivations of these players. Through our introductory research work, we hope to:

• Profiling user groups interested in Phase Zero;

• Understand the key motivations of different actors;

• Determine the information needs of target users;

• Assess expectations for client implementation;

• Evaluate standards for developing user interfaces and other user touchpoints.

4. User Research Methods

User research is the systematic study of users' goals, needs, and capabilities, designed to design, construct, and improve tools and resources to benefit users in their work and lives.

Stakeholder interviews

To better define the direction of our work and understand the challenges we were about to face, we chose to interview a number of key stakeholders who were either participants in the existing POS ecosystem or participants with varying degrees of expertise in the broader Ethereum community.

Online Survey

As a research method, surveys allow us to quantify concepts—using a sample or subset of a broader audience, from which the knowledge gained can be applied to the wider population. Our sample was 111 people.

Eth2.0 PoS User Experience Survey/Respondent Selection

The final Eth2.0 PoS UX survey is targeted at individuals who are already using Eth2.0 related content and are interested in participating in phase zero validation/staking. Therefore, only those who are committed to providing valuable feedback to improve the overall user experience of Eth2.0 will take the necessary steps to fill out this survey. Our survey also reaches the core Ethereum community through Twitter and other well-developed social channels.

(Note from Odaily Planet Daily: The author means that many of the participants in this report are Eth2.0 developers or people who truly contribute to Eth2.0, not passers-by, which indirectly shows that this report is very professional and has high reference value)

V. Survey Results

1. Participant roles

Going into the research phase, we were faced with a common preconception that the initial participant user base for Phase Zero would be primarily technical professionals and development-oriented individuals. However, the findings revealed that:

When respondents were asked how they would categorize their involvement in the ecosystem, 67.5% of participants categorized themselves as “knowledgeable but not particularly technically focused,” split among enthusiasts (35.1%), investors (24.3%), and newbies (8.1%). The remaining 32.5% categorized themselves as “professionals or developers working in the ecosystem.”

85.6% of these users currently hold 32 ETH (the minimum amount for zero participation in staking in the Eth2.0 phase); only about 30% have previously participated in mining on POW Ethereum; and about 40% have staked or verified on another PoS network. This means that most validation/staking users will be new users of the Eth2.0 ecosystem, and this will be their first time to actively participate in independently managing validator clients and nodes to maintain the decentralization of the Ethereum network.

Among the factors that motivate participants, 62.2% hope to receive rewards through staking; 27.9% of participants want to help ensure the security of the network; and the remaining 9% of participants hope to support the community through their participation.

2. Participant education

61.3% of participants were not very confident in their understanding of the key concepts of staking and verification in Eth2.0 Phase 0; 90.1% were unsure about the key differences between Eth2.0 clients.

56.8% of respondents actively and independently research to obtain information through platforms such as Medium, Discourse and Google; 41.4% of respondents obtain more information through conferences or podcasts; 54.1% of people passively obtain content shared on social media; 35% of respondents still regard the Ethereum Foundation as their main source of information.

3. Validator expectations

When respondents were asked how they planned to participate in Eth2.0 Phase Zero, 74.8% of participants were excited about being able to run their own nodes and validator clients to verify/stake on the Ethereum network; 41.4% planned to participate in staking pools (i.e., infrastructure that provides staking hosting services); 18.9% planned to become staking service providers; 8% of users will not participate in Phase Zero due to the unknown staking lock-up period, and 9.9% of users are not aware of the benefits of staking.

When it comes to the need or requirement to run a beacon node, 49.5% of participants said they did not know; 42.3% want to fully participate in the network and run their own network, and only 8% want to connect to an external node. For validator clients, 45% of participants plan to run multiple validators, 25.2% plan to run more than 5, 19.8% plan to run 2-4, 27.9% will use a single validator in Phase 0, and 25.2% have not yet decided.

One of the biggest questions to consider is what equipment or infrastructure participants want to use to run their nodes and validators. 37.8% of respondents believe that they will be able to securely run a node and manage validators on a personal computer; 26.1% will seek external VPS (virtual private server) services; 25.2% want to buy or use a dedicated node device (such as DApp Node or Avado); 23.4% want to create their own local server; 21.6% want to be able to use small devices such as Raspberry Pi.

4. ETH2.0 Client Experience

When choosing which Eth 2.0 client to use, the most common consideration is security, with 66.7% of users considering security as a factor, followed by usability (62.2%) and stability (59.5%); client performance is also not to be ignored, with 45.9% choosing to take this factor into account; 36.9% will consider credible rankings and reviews; about 30% of participants will consider the rewards/economic factors of each client and the popularity of the client; only 11.7% of participants will make a choice based on the client's programming language.

When participants were asked if they would be willing to use a CLI (command-line interface) to set up, execute commands, run scripts, and manage beacon nodes/validator clients, 63.1% responded that they were able to do so, 25.2% were sure they could not manage it, and 11.7% were unsure. 64.9% of participants would rather use a reliable GUI (Graphical User Interface) to help set up/manage their nodes and validator clients, 30.6% would use a GUI based on its security and usability, and 4.5% would not use a GUI.

6. Insights

1. User Profile

Have strong basic knowledge of advanced ecosystems, but not particularly specialized.

Actively seek out and research relevant information through various mediums.

There will be interest in network validation because of the rewards and ROI.

Holds more than 32 ETH and plans to run multiple validators.

Helping to secure a decentralized network for the first time, has not mined on Ethereum before, and most likely has not participated in an existing PoS network.

I want to try it out and see it as a unique learning opportunity. Although I care about it, I am not overly concerned about the lock-up period.

The education requirements, personal resources, and overhead required to run and manage a beacon node and validator client on Eth2.0 may currently be underestimated.

Prioritize network security and decentralization.

Interestingly, those looking to participate in staking do not seem to view DeFi as a favorable option due to system differences, changing risk profiles, and different incentive models.

2. Educational needs

With the introduction of PoS and the widespread adoption of the new system in Eth2.0, we naturally introduce some new concepts and terms. These concepts and terms need to be introduced and taught to users so that they can successfully become validators. Respondents also expressed their concerns that existing validator documentation often targets the wrong demographics and it is difficult to locate information when problems arise. Some of the areas that need education are listed below, with references to participants' needs for relevant information:

Hardware requirements: Most users want to use local devices to run and manage their node/validator clients. Considering the fact that most participants think that personal computers and Raspberry Pi are ideal solutions, this means that participants have a certain degree of preconceived notions, thus ignoring the security and operational risks of running on personal devices, etc. In addition, users may overestimate the reliability of continuous Internet connection, and users need to be guided to the best settings for the core principle of "maintaining decentralization".

“What hardware to use, and whether I can set up a cheap machine through AWS or something like that to ensure it’s always online.”

Lock-up period: From a financial and operational perspective, participants need to have more clarity on how long the lock-up period is, as they cannot voluntarily exit the system and then restart, and their stake will be held until Phase 1 or beyond.

“When can I withdraw my Eth2.0 tokens? How long is the lock-up period? This will affect when I can start staking.”

Deposit contract: The irreversibility, one-way nature, and key generation process of the deposit contract are new concepts. In addition, there is a very dangerous factor: potential phishing attacks. The source code of the trusted interface and service provider needs to be highlighted.

“Hopefully EF (Ethereum Foundation) will come out with a separate page as the source of truth.”

Locked Ether (bETH/ETH2.0): Technically, locked ETH should not be considered another asset class. However, due to the nature of the lock-up period, service providers naturally see the opportunity to provide liquidity for staked ETH. Many have begun to call staked ETH beacon ETH or bETH, while others call it "Eth2.0"; in addition, other service providers such as Rocketpool intend to launch their own liquidity mechanism (rETH), further complicating things. This may become the key for new participants to see the essence through the phenomenon, understand the concept, and truly grasp the problem.

“How do I convert bETH to regular ETH?”

Client Implementations: All clients have different programming languages, performance, security, tooling, usability, stability, and even different rewards/penalties based on how widely the client is used on the network and the types of optimizations it has made for authentication. Participants will need a source of truth to get unbiased information and opinions and to form opinions on which clients might be best for their use and why they should consider client diversity.

“What are the key differences between clients, and what are the differences in rewards between different clients?”

“Which client is reliable? I don’t want my deposit to decrease.”

"Understand uptime/performance of different clients before network launch."

Syncing to the ETH1.0 chain: Most users don’t realize that to become a validator you need to run or connect to an existing ETH1.0 node.

“Do we need to run an Eth1.0 node to stake?”

BLS Key Pair: A new key generation mechanism is introduced. Key management will be different from the signing key for validator activities and the exit key required to exit the system. In addition, existing software wallets and hardware wallets currently do not support BLS keys.

“Key generation, key management, which keys are to be stored and how are they used to exit the system?”

Beacon node requirements: 49.5% of participants said they did not know if they should run their own beacon node. In order to run and maintain a beacon node, more resources are required.

“Clarify the incentives for beacon nodes, and ultimately decide whether to connect to a node or a host.”

Eth2.0 Economics: The economics of the system are complex and evolving. Participants need to have a clear understanding of how things will mature and how to optimize their participation based on different circumstances.

“Give me some statistics on the rewards, like what ROI I can get if there are this many validators in the network, etc.”

Rewards and ROI: Rewards are related to the total amount of ETH staked in the network. Rewards are the main factor that motivates people to be interested in the validation process and willing to participate. Therefore, participants should clearly understand what kind of rewards and benefits they should get from early participation and how this will affect their future.

“What can be done with rewards earned in Phase 0, e.g. can they be used to continue staking? Is it based on the total value currently locked (including previous rewards), or just the initial 32 ETH locked? Can rewards earned before Phase 2 generate any value?”

Risk profile of participation: Participants are not yet informed of the risks of undertaking verification and validation at Phase Zero and guidance should be provided upfront in a more understandable way with appropriate highlighting of the consequences so that people can evaluate before choosing to participate.

“If something goes wrong, does it go back to zero? Or can you rewind the system?”

Validator Responsibilities & Guidance: About 75% of participants want to fully participate in the validation and management process. However, most of them are actively participating in protecting a decentralized network for the first time, so they have different levels of understanding of the network and need some guidance to explain the nature of the responsibilities involved, the benefits, the risks, and guide them on how to solve problems.

“I’m not a developer, but I own an Avado and plan to run a validator as well as participate in staking. However, I’m not sure about the security of my network. VPNs and network security are like another language to me. I don’t think I realize that I could be having a big security issue with my network or device.”

Slash vs. Penalty: Participants often confuse concepts such as what is a slash, a penalty, what is a simple penalty, and to what extent.

“Under what circumstances could my stake be slashed? For example, if the machine crashes or my router breaks and I’m on vacation, what happens? How likely is it that the stake pool will be reduced?”

dPoS vs. PoS: Participants may have different understandings of the subtle differences between Ethereum staking/validation and other PoS networks.

“How can I participate in staking without running my own node or validator? I guess the ledger can be delegated like in Cosmos or Tezos.”

Staking vs. Verification: The term "staking" is widely used in the blockchain ecosystem and has many different meanings. Unlike existing PoS networks, only validators who actively participate in the Ethereum consensus can receive rewards in the Ethereum POS network. Unless using external services, participants not only need to stake ETH as collateral/stake, but also need to perform their duties (i.e. participate in verification).

“We need to understand the staking mechanism so we know clearly what I should do.”

Phases: Since each development phase has a significant impact on validators and how they participate, it is important to ensure that the information provided by the development team about progress and impacts is easily accessible and understandable to non-developers. Although it is difficult to predict the actual results of the development phase and system operation, a clear reference framework is still needed.

“I need to have a clearer understanding of the transition from Eth1.0 to Eth2.0 (especially in the context of a potential Eth2.0 phase 1.5) and how this will impact my ability to validate.”

Terminology: About 40% of participants said they had staked on other PoS networks in the past, so they have a certain frame of reference for key terms that may be used in network operations. However, when using Ethereum, it is still important to analyze it in combination with specific actual situations.

“I definitely know all the terminology around validators, nodes, and clients.”

Experimental/Testnets: Participants want to experiment and learn in a low-risk environment before committing to the network.

“I want to run my setup first to make sure everything will work properly when we get to Phase Zero.”

3. Fear and anxiety

When respondents were asked about their biggest fears and anxieties about participating in Phase Zero of Eth2, responses focused on the following: client/validator management, security, usability, fund exposure, Ethereum phase progression/lockups, and bugs.

Client/Validator Management:

"Offline for extended periods of time due to hardware failure/power failure etc. Lost collateral."

“The client is unreliable.”

“Not sure about the reliability of the internet connection.”

"Synchronization problem."

“Software stability.”

Safety:

“Unknown major vulnerability.”

"A hacker attack occurred while ETH was locked."

"There is a vulnerability in the deposit contract."

“Lack of awareness of home cybersecurity risks.”

“My private keys were hacked.”

mistake:

"I have no way to fix any of the issues. So far all I can do is copy and paste command line instructions and it seems to be working. But if I need to upgrade or have other issues I have no idea what to do."

Availability:

“Validators were offline but were not properly alerted. Managing multiple validators was a terrible user experience though.”

"My only concern is the lack of CLI experience."

Funding issues:

“The price of Eth1.0 is still higher than Eth2.0, which makes the incentive to convert Eth1.0 to Eth2.0 very small.”

“32 ETH lost due to uncontrollable factors.”

Ethereum stage progress/locking:

“If the time delays for Phase 1 and beyond are significant, will ETH1.0 remain the same for quite some time after Phase 0 is released, and will my funds be permanently stuck on the beacon chain until other phases become available?”

“The one-way bridge model means that a considerable portion of my assets may not be available for 1 to 1.5 years, because it is uncertain how far Phase 1 and Phase 2 are from the ultimate goal.”

4. Decentralized Competition

Staking on exchanges or through service providers is inherently anti-decentralized. These services are necessary for individuals who do not have the resources or facilities to participate in validation, helping them lower the barrier to entry, but also causing unnecessary losses to their funds.

The survey results show that most respondents who are actively following Phase Zero are not interested in staking service providers, but are interested in participating in staking and verification themselves. Therefore, this requires that the user experience of Eth2.0 staking/verification should be the same as that of third-party service providers, lowering the threshold so that these interested people can enter the Ethereum network as they wish and achieve network decentralization. In addition, participants are more likely to choose to participate in staking pools.

“Why should I stake? I need incentives other than rewards.”

5. Staking/Verifying User Experience

It’s clear that we need to focus on end-user interactions and help build mental models that allow users to easily understand and appreciate the benefits, risks, and responsibilities of participating in Eth2.0 staking without in-depth protocol and technical knowledge.

Participants are currently not aware of the main differences between different client implementations, with only 9.9% of respondents knowing the difference. Users mainly consider security when choosing a client, followed by user experience and stability. Although most people are interested in participating in staking due to the staking return rate, the difference in return expectations between different clients is not one of the main concerns of users when choosing which client to use. In addition, most users are not aware of the complex economic model behind Eth2.0, and how specific client resource consumption and authentication optimizations affect the final return.

In summary, the main factors for client selection are: security, performance, stability and return on investment.

6. Validator Tools

Currently, few client implementers are helping participants overcome the technical challenges and risk factors associated with validation and staking. Most UX/UI innovations come from staking service providers or staking pools, who currently account for the majority of the participation market.

Participants also said they are more likely to use a well-designed GUI rather than a CLI to manage their nodes and validator clients, thereby avoiding user errors on the user side that could result in penalties for their staked ETH.

VII. Suggestions

1. Education, education, and more education

Considering the user group interested in Eth2.0 Phase Zero staking/validation, the client communication documentation should also consider non-developers, that is, more popular. This will make it easier for validators entering the system to participate in validation due to lack of technical language, media resources, etc. In addition, more attention and resources need to be allocated to these people to ensure that they can clearly understand the changes in the current system and have clear expectations for the future.

What educational resources should be provided:

• Provide better calculation tools and more understandable articles, clarifying rewards, rewards, and penalties;

• Provide a validator guide, highlighting hardware requirements, responsibilities, expectations, risks, troubleshooting tips, etc.

• Provides tools and articles for secure and effective key management, as well as guidance on what is needed to enter and exit the system;

• Provides articles about different Ethereum staking options and the impact of each option on the network, with a focus on comparing the differences between individual staking, staking pools, and staking service providers;

• Provides articles on the differences between different clients, the need for interoperability, and network distribution between clients to ensure security;

• Providing participatory experimentation tools that allow users to simulate the process of running a node, use testnets, and conduct trial runs before investing actual funds.

2. Terminology

"It may be worthwhile to use the term 'Ethereum' more often where possible, as it will push consensus in a better direction." Danny Ryan of the Ethereum Foundation said that words like Ethereum should be used more often.

However, terms like "ETH2.0" and "bETH" should be phased out as soon as possible and not spread from the research/development stage to actual user interfaces, communications, and educational resources for people to use. The best way to use it is to replace the above "ETH2.0" and "bETH" with "POS chain Ethereum" and "ETH participating in staking/validation". Too many new words should not be created for participants, which will confuse their cognition and is not conducive to the future synchronization of the two chains.

Staked or validated ETH should be considered the same asset locked in different states for a specified period of time, but is considered two assets in the above nomenclature.

Therefore, when naming new things, care should be taken to avoid confusion among the public about the relationship between technology and tokens. For example, the word "ETH" used to refer mainly to the "ETHER" token, but now due to the ETHx.y naming convention, "ETH" can also refer to the Ethereum technology, which leads to misunderstandings among newcomers and those who are not familiar with the ecosystem.

It is recommended not to use terms such as "ETH2" and "ETH2.0". If the research team needs it, you can use terms such as "eth2" or "Eth2.0".

3. Experimental

Phase 0 is an important time to apply first principles around staking and verification of UX/UI, and also affects their evolution in subsequent phases. We encourage the Ethereum project to attract a wide range of talents from all walks of life, such as designers, writers, coordinators, researchers, and system thinkers, to help us progress together.

4. Collaboration

The progress of Eth2.0 currently relies heavily on existing systems and the outstanding work done by individuals, teams, and organizations at all levels of the technology stack for the development of Eth2.0. This also requires us to keep in sync when creating communications and making decisions that are committed to users. For Ethereum to become an excellent POS decentralized network system, it is inseparable from the help of all parties. We hope that everyone can share insights, reach consensus on terminology, and provide educational resources.

8. Follow-up

As mentioned before, this report is intended as a starting point for the entire Ethereum community and is certainly not exhaustive. Different assumptions, research methods, user segments, and approaches are necessary for us to gain a more comprehensive view. If you have any suggestions, objections, or ideas, please contact us. We encourage all stakeholders in the ecosystem affected by the launch of Eth2.0 to work together to promote more research and feedback loops to help build a better staking/validation user experience in Phase Zero.

Current focus areas that require further community attention and collaboration are: shared terminology, easy-to-understand guidance on Eth2.0 economics (rewards and penalties), and validator operational guidelines/recommendations. If you are interested in creating these and need help, we are more than happy to provide guidance.

Finally, special thanks to Adrian, Mehdi, Paul, Danny, and Chris for their support and feedback.

Link to this article: https://www.8btc.com/media/584230
Please indicate the source of the article when reprinting